Abstract
The current situation on anthrax is characterized as unstable. Instability is associated with recurring epizootic outbreaks complicated by human anthrax cases, as people contract infection mainly through contact with sick animals, their carcasses or animal products. Mentioned are new aerosol and parenteral ways of anthrax contracting. Parenteral use of contaminated heroin led to emergence of new clinical form of anthrax – injectional. Conception on anthrax agent evolution is replenished by data on pathogenic bacilli strains, that occupy an intermediate position between B. anthracis and B. cereus. Ecology of anthrax microbe is considered in view of its interaction with bacteriophages, rhizosphere and soil microflora. Research related to the environmental characteristics of habitat niches and genotypes of B. anthracis, explaining the geographical distribution of areas with a high risk of disease, may allow to optimize the program of animals immunization, which is the most effective measure for the prevention of anthrax.
Highlights
Современная ситуация по сибирской язве характеризуется как нестабильная
Parenteral use of contaminated heroin led to emergence of new clinical form of anthrax – injectional
Conception on anthrax agent evolution is replenished by data on pathogenic bacilli strains, that occupy an intermediate position between B. anthracis and B. cereus
Summary
Современная ситуация по сибирской язве характеризуется как нестабильная. Нестабильность связана с периодически возникающими эпизоотическими вспышками, осложняющимися заболеваемостью людей, так как люди заражаются преимущественно в результате контакта с больными животными, их трупами или продуктами животноводства. СНП, где за период с 1900 по 2003 год зарегистрировано более 70000 вспышек и отдельных случаев заболевания людей и животных сибирской язвой [5]. В период с 2003 по 2016 год в мире по сравнению с предыдущим периодом (1988–2002 гг.) число случаев сибирской язвы у людей сократилось в 4,6 раза – всего заболело 7560 человек.
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