Abstract
To facilitate smooth online learning in countries, UNESCO provides a range of technical support and resource support to reduce the disruptions to learning caused by the epidemic. Social presence is a subjective feeling of learners and has become one of the important indicators to measure the effectiveness of learners' online learning. In this study, we designed and developed a social presence scale to measure and analyze students' social presence in live online classes from the perspective of students' emotions, to verify the relationship between social presence and satisfaction and to propose corresponding improvement strategies to enhance students' online learning effectiveness. The study found that the overall level of students' social presence in current live classes is low; the use of different live platforms affects students' social presence; and there is a strong positive correlation between students' social presence and learning satisfaction in online live classes. Based on this, strategies to improve students' social presence are proposed to provide a reference for front-line teachers' online teaching.
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