Abstract
Basic science and experimental research on stem cells has increased exponentially in the last decade. Our present knowledge about stem cell biology is better than ever before. This new paradigm shift in research has been reflected in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Various experimental models have suggested a potential application of stem cells for different orthopaedic conditions, and early clinical results of stem cell use have been encouraging. These cells can be easily isolated, processed and made available for clinical use. From healing of bone defects caused by trauma, tumor or infection to cartilage defects, nerve, tendon and ligament healing, stem cell use has the potential to revolutionize orthopaedic practice. The purpose of this article is to orient a general orthopaedic surgeon towards the current use and clinical applications of stem cell based therapy in orthopaedics and to provide a complete overview of the clinical advances in this field.
Highlights
With an increased emphasis on evidence based medicine, there has been an increasing focus on the pathophysiology of orthopaedic injuries and disease processes, and their impact on overall outcome
It is to achieve these objectives that regenerative medicine which utilizes the use of stem cells and tissue engineering has newly emerged
Summary: Regenerative medicine with the use of stem cells is expected to revolutionize patient treatment. Their utilization for bone tissue engineering with appropriate scaffolds provides us with exciting opportunities for research and development
Summary
With an increased emphasis on evidence based medicine, there has been an increasing focus on the pathophysiology of orthopaedic injuries and disease processes, and their impact on overall outcome. Traditional treatment strategies are evolving to encompass tailored approaches that account for age, occupation and patient expectation. Newer strategies for management are routinely implemented and encouraged in an effort to improve patient outcomes. It is to achieve these objectives that regenerative medicine which utilizes the use of stem cells and tissue engineering has newly emerged. Definitions: Stem Cells: Undeveloped biological cells capable of proliferation, self-renewal, conversion to differentiated cells and regenerating tissues 1. The cells of the early stages of the embryo are the only totipotent cells and are not in clinical use due to ethical concerns 2
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