The Current Development Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Labor Market

Abstract

Under the condition of socialist market economy, labor market has become a new mechanism of allocating labor resources. Through the observation data in recent years, it is not difficult to find that China labor market has many problems. imbalance between supply and demand, the discrimination phenomenon, the income gap and social security system are not perfect. They all need more attention from government and society. Under the harmfulness of the problem, thinking and countermeasure should be taken into action. Keywords-Labor Market,Labor Supply and Demand,Social Security. I. CHINESE LABOR MARKET DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS In 1999, the International Labor Office published The Main Index System of Labor Market It recommended 18 indicators and became an important yardstick to measure the labor market. Divided into seven categories, namely, the labor force participation rate, employment, unemployment, education status, salary and cost, productivity and unit cost, poverty and income distribution2. According to China's national conditions and the status, it is not difficult to see that Chinese labor market still has many problems to be solved. A. China labor market supply and demand situation From age and gender composition differences of labor market, labor supply in China is still mainly concentrated in the young age. Male labor supply is still greater than the female. From the perspective of workers’ cultural level, job seekers of high level accounted for 40.2%, junior middle school education and below accounted for 25.6%, college degree or above accounted for 34.1%. Compared with 2009, job seekers of high school, junior middle school education and below are reduced, the college and above are increased significantly. In fact, since 2003, junior college degree and above in labor market supply shows a rising trend, job seekers’ pressure are increased. Because of the gap between urban and rural income is still greater, labor supply of migrant worker is still huge. According to calculation of the National Bureau, the total of Annual National migrant workers has achieved 229.78 million, including 145.33 million out. Compared with the lat year, it has grown 1.9%. Although migrant workers growth trend has not changed, the quality of them has been improved significantly. Among the migrant workers in 2009, illiteracy accounted for 1.1%, primary culture degree accounted for 10.6%, junior high school education accounted for 64.8%, high school education accounted for 13.1%, technical secondary school and above accounted for 10.4%. average of high school or above has increased 1.7 percentage points than last year, accounting for 23.5%3. With the growth of Chinese GDP, the amount of labor demand increases. Labor’s quality also in the request yet. employer requires the high level education demand occupies 39.5% among all the requirement. Demand in the proportion of the second industry increased, and the proportion of the third industry decreased. We can see the gap clearly through the employment contrast in different industry proportion between China and other countries. (Refer to Figure 1) Country Primary Industry Secondary Industry Third Industry 2005 201