The Cumulative Risk to Human Health of Pharmaceuticals in New Jersey Surface Water

Abstract

ABSTRACTSurface water in New Jersey is used by many residential drinking water facilities. Like many water sources it is contaminated by upstream industrial and residential sources, including pharmaceutical residues. This research examines the concentrations of 18 pharmaceuticals in 30 New Jersey locations, their acceptable daily exposures (ADE), and potential drug–drug interactions (DDI). The surface water data was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). ADEs for human health were set for each pharmaceutical in the study. The pharmaceuticals were evaluated for known adverse health interactions and their potential health impact. These factors were brought together using a cumulative hazard index (HI) risk assessment calculation to assess the overall risk of pharmaceuticals in NJ surface water to human health. When examining the potential for DDI in this assessment, the risk increased but not appreciably. The HI for the sample locations ranged from <0.00001 to 0.01 with the DDI adding less than 1.2× increase to the overall risk. The calculated risk of these mixtures was also increased to an extreme DDI of 7 times per interaction. A noticeable increase in the calculated risk was seen, but in no cases did it reach a level of concern.