Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection causing meningitis worldwide, principally in immune-compromised individuals. This disease is caused by two main species, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> and <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i>. Diagnosis has traditionally relied upon laboratory tests such as serology (latex agglutination or enzyme immunoassay) or culture. In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a dipstick-test lateral flow assay (Immuno-Mycologics, USA) for semi-quantitative detection of cryptococcal antigen. Potential advantages of this assay over traditional methods include stability of reagents at room temperature, ease of use and rapid turn-around time. The World Health Organization has recommended that this assay may be used to screen patients with HIV infection for cryptococcal antigen. This presentation will discuss utility of the cryptococcal antigen lateral flow assay in the diagnostic laboratory and review current evidence, areas which remain to be explored and potential future developments in the diagnosis of cryptococcosis.
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