Abstract
Failure of high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and polypropylene filled with grinded rubber particles was studied. In tension, particles debond from the matrix and initiate appearance of pores. Small particles lead to formation of elliptical pores. In contrast, large particles initiate appearance of diamond cracks leading to fast failure of filled polymer. In the intermediate case elliptical pore gradually transforms into diamond cracks. The diamond crack appears when the elongation of an elliptical pore reaches the critical crack tip opening of the unfilled polymer. The size D of filler particles should be lower than Dc = GIc/[(ld - 1)?d)], where GIc is the fracture toughness, sd - the draw stress and ld - the natural draw ratio of the matrix in the neck. Ductile or brittle behavior of filled polymer depends on whether the polymer yields uniformly or with necking. If the neck does not appear, filler particles usually do not initiate brittle fracture. In contrast, filled polymers, yielding with necking, often are brittle.
Highlights
Growing use of polymers leads to an increase in volume of used polymers
Small particles lead to formation of elliptical pores
After reaching the yield point the stress drops to the draw stress and remained constant while the neck propagates along the specimen
Summary
Growing use of polymers leads to an increase in volume of used polymers. Over the last years the volume of industrial waste has largely increased, creating a problem for today society and future generations. A substantial part of industrial waste is cross-linked rubber that is not thermoplastic and cannot be remolded. Grinded rubber particles have broad distribution in size, from 10 microns to 1 mm (Bazhenov, Goncharuk, Knuniantz, Avinkin, & Serenko, 2002). Brittle fracture of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was observed after introduction of a single large particle into the polymer (Bazhenov, Goncharuk, Knuniantz, Avinkin, & Serenko, 2002). Brittle fracture of filled polymers is usually accompanied by localized yielding near the fracture surfaces. On this reason the fracture is called quasibrittle (Li, Silverstein, Hiltner, & Baer, 1994). The fracture elongation at quasibrittle fracture is roughly 100-fold lower than that at ductile fracture
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