Abstract
In Robert Apfel’s Ph.D. dissertation and in subsequent published articles, he demonstrated that if one chose a volume small enough—say a microdroplet—cavitation could not be generated even at elevated temperatures. He expanded the work of Harvey (J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 24, 23 (1944) who proposed the crevice model of cavitation nucleation. Recently, Lu demonstrated that the phenomenon of twinkling was due to the presence of trapped bubbles on solid concretions (Lu, et al., U. S. Med. Biol. 39, 1026 (2013). Subsequently, Simon demonstrated that twinkling occurred in humans (Simon, et al., U. S. Med. and Biol. 46, 1802 (2020). In this presentation, the crevice model will be reviewed and asserted that it is the principal model for inception of cavitation in mammalian tissue.
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