The Creep Parameters of SAC305 Unleaded Solders

Abstract

The tensile and shear loading creep parameters of unleaded Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu solders are extracted from the proposed tensile and shear creep tests in this work. Four creep loading temperatures, that is, <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:29.637501px;" id="M1" height="13.1375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29.637501 13.1375" width="29.637501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,12.875)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,24.538,4.712)"><path id="x2218" d="M326 255q0 -56 -41 -96t-99 -40t-99 40t-41 96t41 96t99 40t99 -40t41 -96zM274 255q0 38 -25.5 65t-62.5 27t-62.5 -27t-25.5 -65t25.5 -65t62.5 -27t62.5 27t25.5 65z" /></g> </svg>, <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:29.637501px;" id="M2" height="13.1375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29.637501 13.1375" width="29.637501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,12.875)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,24.538,4.712)"><use xlink:href="#x2218"/></g> </svg>, <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:29.637501px;" id="M3" height="13.1375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29.637501 13.1375" width="29.637501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,24.538,4.712)"><use xlink:href="#x2218"/></g> </svg>, and <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:29.637501px;" id="M4" height="13.1375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 29.637501 13.1375" width="29.637501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.875)"><path id="x36" d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5&#xA;t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,12.875)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,24.538,4.712)"><use xlink:href="#x2218"/></g> </svg>C, are employed to extract the corresponding parameters. The creep parameters for tensile and shear loading models, that is, stress exponent, material constant, and activation energy, are curve-fitted by using the least square error and simplex optimization algorithms. The accuracy of the extracted parameters correlated with the measured strain rate versus temperature curves. Results indicate that the proposed measurement setup and extraction algorithm is feasible to extract the tensile and shear type creep parameters with good accuracy.