The creation of the psychological equipment in Ukraine and Armenia by Yevhen Mileryan

Abstract

The article reveals the content and significance of multifaceted psychological research of Yevhen Oleksandrovych Mileryan (1913-1983) – the creator of measuring, training, cognitive, experimental, control psychological equipment, numerous methods of psychological selection of pilots, operators, drivers, the use of which allowed to prevent accidents. caused by people involved in the management of technical systems of different levels of complexity. The main milestones of the life of the Ukrainian and Armenian scientist, who suffered the trials of the Second World War, the variability of periods of creative self-realization and repression, work in Ukraine and Armenia are presented. This, in particular, the establishment of experimental workshops for the manufacture of psychological devices at the Research Research Institute of Psychology of the Ministry of Education of the USSR and the creation of the first “Device for demonstrating optical sensations and perception of psychology”, which allowed to demonstrate patterns of color mixing, contrast the phenomenon of marginal contrast and saturation, later – an electron-beam device for observing the dynamic picture of the spatial distribution of electric potentials, on the basis of which changes in the activity of the cerebral cortex under the influence of various sound stimuli in the presence or absence of attention were established. electroconvulsive attack. Documentary testimonies and recollections of eyewitnesses about harassment and repressions against E.O. Mileryan, connected with the persecution of all Ukrainians in Ukraine in the early 70s of the XX century, are given. The period of the scientist’s work in Armenia is revealed, which includes continuation of psychophysiological experiments on studying attention in children, elucidation of functional changes of electrical activity of human brain under the influence of various factors, substantiation of psychological theory of general polytechnic skills formation. vocational education. The scientist created instrumental and psychological methods for diagnosing individual psychophysiological features of a person, diagnostic installations and simulators to study the professional suitability of operators, pilots, drivers. Developed the concept of engineering and psychological examination to assess the quality and reliability of the system “man-machine”, psychological devices: apparatus for the study of higher nervous activity, attentiometer, electroencephalometer, emokoordininometer, device KM-3 to measure the speed of response to complex signals, perceptometer, volute study of volitional efforts, thinking hysteroscope, complication apparatus, device for studying the professional suitability of drivers of vehicles, educational and problematic electrical engineering simulators. It is noted that the unique contribution of E.O.Mileryan to the development of psychological science is the hardware-psychological direction of combining scientific accuracy of measurements with creative solution of various psychological problems that posed to the military and postwar generations of the twentieth century.