Abstract
Mode of livelihood influences the concepts, values, and behavior of any group of men. The Jurchen of Chien-chou were a tribe who combined fishing and hunting with agriculture. Thus, their way of life combined the best of both; their strength and equestrian skills were specialties of fishing, hunting and stock-raising tribes and were also the chief factor in the military conquest of China. "One can conquer on horseback but not rule on horseback." Their rule over China was not principally one of force, but required the aid of civil administration; thus a set of institutions suitable to an agrarian civilization was needed to rule an agrarian nation.
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