Abstract
The development of bread wheat introgressions with alien genetic material from cultural and wild Triticeae species is an effective method for expanding the wheat gene pool necessary for breeding. To date, numerous collections of introgressions as substitutions and chromosome modifications have been obtained; however, the creation and study of wheat with new valuable traits still remain an important line of research. Rye Secale cereale L., whose chromosomes carry genes that control valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties, is widely used to produce new wheat forms. In this study, a wheat-rye translocation obtained by backcrossing the wheat-rye disomic-substitution line 2R(2D)1 with the variety Novosibirskaya 67 was characterized. The chromosomal composition of karyotypes was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization and C-banding. Two centric translocations, derived from two long arms of chromosomes 2D and 2R, T2DL.2RL, were identified, the remaining 40 wheat chromosomes did not undergo modifications. Meiosis in the lines was stable. Chromosomes T2DL.2RL formed bivalents in all meiocytes, which confirmed their homology. The morphological characteristics of the spike in the T2DL.2RL line and Novosibirskaya 67 did not differ. A comparative analysis of productivity between the T2DL.2RL translocation line and the parental forms, Novosibirskaya 67 and the 2R(2D)1 line, was carried out. The T2DL.2RL line is inferior to Novosibirskaya 67 in all characters with different confidence levels. The productivity characters of the 2R(2D)1 line exceeded or did not differ from those of T2DL.2RL, however, the mass of 1000 grains was significantly lower. The results showed the effect of the T2DL.2RL translocation on the trait “plant height”. This character was significantly lower than that of Novosibirskaya 67 in two vegetation periods. Consequently, the T2DL.2RL translocation reduces plant height and productivity.
Highlights
Создание интрогрессивных форм мягкой пшеницы с чужеродным генетическим материалом от культурных и диких видов трибы Triticeae является эффективным методом для расширения генофонда пшеницы, необходимого для селекционных работ
The development of bread wheat introgressions with alien genetic material from cultural and wild Triticeae species is an effective method for expanding the wheat gene pool necessary for breeding
The results showed the effect of the T2DL.2RL translocation on the trait “plant height”
Summary
Молекулярно-цитогенетический анализ состава хромосом и мейотического деления у линий с транслоцированной хромосомой Для идентификации модифицированной хромосомы и анализа хромосомного состава у линий проведено окрашивание хромосом с использованием FISH и С-banding. FISH-анализ кариотипов с зондом общей ДНК ржи и цент ромеро-специфичными повторами pAWRc и pAet выявил две транслоцированные хромосомы На одном плече хромосомы локализован зонд общей ДНК ржи В результате разрывов хромосом 2R и 2D в прицентромерном районе и последующего слияния плеч хромосом ржи и пшеницы была образована центрическая транслокация Т2DL.2R. 1) методом С-banding выявлен полный набор хромосом пшеницы, кроме хромосомы 2D. Моди фицированная хромосома идентифицирована как цент рическая пшенично-ржаная транслокация, состоящая из двух длинных плеч хромосом 2D и 2R – T2DL.2RL Механизм формирования центрических транслокаций выявлен в мейозе двойных моносомиков 1A-1Ht (мягкая пшеница – Elymus trachycaulus) (Friebe et al, 2005). Хромосомы 1A и 1Ht не являются гомологами, поэтому в мейозе они не формировали бивалент и из-за аномального расхождения b Rye DNA pAet а
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