The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes and Exacerbates Inequalities for Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This paper examines the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations. COVID-19 is widely acknowledged to necessitate physical isolation as a new norm. The consequences of the closure varied among individuals. COVID-19 is linked to societal disparities in terms of its occurrence, diagnosis procedures, and seriousness. Discrepancies occur due to differences in viral exposure, increased vulnerability to infection, higher prevalence of severe health conditions with substantial consequences, and unequal access to healthcare. The impact of COVID-19 can be significantly influenced by several socioeconomic determinants of health, such as poverty, environmental factors including homelessness, and one's racial or cultural heritage. In this review study, the frequency of discriminatory practices—which often result from people's preconceived biases—is analyzed. These conducts put people at risk, restrict their capacity to participate in social activities, impede their ability to acquire new skills, and frequently block their access to secure housing, healthcare, education, and a steady income. The study aims to investigate the discriminatory impact of COVID-19 on individuals who experience social deprivation. This aspect of the research focuses primarily on analyzing four crucial factors: homelessness, racial prejudice, gender inequity, and the susceptibility of older individuals. The aforementioned concerns primarily pertain to the lower-income demographic, which experiences the most restricted access to fundamental commodities and health insurance.