The COVID-19 pandemic and the intention of cash waqf: Approach to theory of reason action, level of religiosity and trust in institutions

Halal marketing is an important concept for marketers doing business in Muslim-majority countries. To predict consumer behavior toward halal products, the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) explains the two components of the formation of purchase intentions, namely attitude and subjective norms. Consumer concern for the lawfulness of a product is also influenced by a person's level of religiosity. This study aims to empirically test the ability of religiosity as a moderator that affects attitudes, and subjective norms on purchase intentions. This study applied a quantitative design. One hundred and ninety respondents in Indonesia were collected through random sampling. Data were collected through an online questionnaire using Google Forms and analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). This study explains that subjective attitudes and norms have a positive and significant effect on purchase intentions. Religiosity as a moderator is able to influence subjective attitudes and norms on purchase intentions. The results of this study provide information that halal products are unique because they have spiritual elements. In this regard, marketers must remember that Muslim consumers exercise additional vigilance to ensure that the product fulfills not only functional needs but also spiritual needs.

Predictors of confidence and trust in government and institutions during the COVID-19 response in Australia

This study examines the antecedents influencing the purchase intention of foreign made hygiene products among consumers in Malaysia using a quantitative approach. A survey of 356 respondents was conducted to examine the relationships between Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) antecedents, such as Attitude (ATT) and Subjective Norm (SN), on Purchase Intention (INT), with Consumer Centrism (CONCEN) as the mediating variable. Data analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that ATT has a significant positive effect on INT, while SN showed no significant influence. CONCEN significantly mediated the relationship between ATT and INT but did not mediate between SN and INT. This study uniquely integrates Social Identity Theory (SIT) with TRA to provide deeper insights into how social identity shapes purchase intention, an area previously underexplored in consumer behaviour research. The findings contribute to the literature by offering a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological and social factors driving purchase decisions in the hygiene products market. Practical implications are offered for policymakers, businesses, and marketers, emphasizing the importance of enhancing consumer attitudes to foster greater purchase intentions in Malaysia’s dynamic market environment.

The pharmaceutical industry has emerged as one of the most rapidly expanding sectors globally, and this trend holds true for Indonesia as well. Within this industry, a notably popular type of medication in Indonesia is herbal medicine. This variant of medicine is derived from traditional and natural ingredients, with minimal incorporation of chemical substances. To delve into this phenomenon, the present study aims to identify the factors influencing Indonesians' inclination and intention to purchase herbal medicine. To achieve this, the study integrates key variables from the original Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) framework, namely attitude and subjective norm, along with an additional element – perceived value. The methodology employed involves a survey-based approach, utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection tool among the chosen participants. The sampling method chosen is non-probability purposive sampling, ensuring that only individuals who meet the predetermined criteria participate – specifically, individuals who have acquired herbal medicines within the past 6 months. Employing a 7-point Likert scale, a total of 156 data points were amassed. The analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), with SmartPLS 4 software being the designated tool. Through the scrutiny of the data, the authors conclude that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived value significantly impact consumers' intention to purchase herbal medicine in Indonesia.

The utilization of social media by state institutions holds great promise in fostering digital innovation. However, its current implementation remains limited to one-way information dissemination. Hence, this study aims to explore how social media can play a pivotal role in encouraging community digital participation, particularly concerning the adoption of digital rupiah. Additionally, it investigates the influence of institutional trust on digital participation, as higher public trust is presumed to facilitate greater engagement in digital initiatives. Employing a confirmatory quantitative approach, the research hypothesis was rigorously tested. A total of 300 responses were collected through an online survey conducted via Google Forms. These responses were subsequently subjected to analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via the SmartPLS 3.0 tool. The study's findings indicate a substantial positive effect of social media on digital participation. However, contrary to expectations, the level of trust in institutions was not found to have a significant effect on digital participation. These results shed light on the significance of social media as a catalyst for community involvement in digital initiatives, offering valuable insights for policymakers and institutions seeking to enhance digital adoption and innovation within the community.

This study examines the determinants of corporate tax compliance in Thailand, partic-ularly in the context of increasing digitalization. While prior studies have separately addressed technology acceptance and behavioral intention, few have integrated these domains to explain voluntary tax compliance. This research employs a hybrid model that combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Be-havior (TPB), and taxpayer responsibility theory. Using data from 500 corporate ac-countants, we employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), and Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that perceived ease of use, subjec-tive norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence tax intention, which in turn affects compliance behavior. Furthermore, attitudes toward technology and perceived usefulness indirectly support compliance, while taxpayer responsibility ex-hibits a strong direct effect. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of compliance behavior and offer practical insights for enhancing technology-enabled tax systems in emerging markets. This study examines the determinants of corporate tax compliance in Thailand, partic-ularly in the context of increasing digitalization. While prior studies have separately addressed technology acceptance and behavioral intention, few have integrated these domains to explain voluntary tax compliance. This research employs a hybrid model that combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Be-havior (TPB), and taxpayer responsibility theory. Using data from 500 corporate ac-countants, we employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), and Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that perceived ease of use, subjec-tive norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly influence tax intention, which in turn affects compliance behavior. Furthermore, attitudes toward technology and perceived usefulness indirectly support compliance, while taxpayer responsibility ex-hibits a strong direct effect. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of compliance behavior and offer practical insights for enhancing technology-enabled tax systems in emerging markets.

Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is a quantitative analysis technique used to measure the relationships between latent variables simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of animosity, ethnocentrism, and subjective norms on fast food boycott intentions in global brands such as McDonald's and KFC affiliated with Israel. Data was collected from 200 respondents spread across seven major cities on the island of Java, namely Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi, Bandung, Surabaya, and Semarang. The measurement was carried out using 20 indicators from four variables with a Likert scale of 6. The model was analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method through Smart PLS software version 4. Most respondents were young women and college students, which were the dominant group in this study. The results of the study showed that the three variables, namely animosity, ethnocentrism, and subjective norms, had a positive and significant effect on fast food boycott intention directly.

ObjectivesThe Arab ethnic minority makes up 21% of Israel’s population and accounted for 40.5% of confirmed cases during the second wave of COVID-19. This study aims to assess the characteristics of compliance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health and related factors that can explain the outbreak of COVID-19 among the Arab population during the second wave.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 810 respondents from the Arab community during October 2020. The survey was distributed via social media such as Facebook and WhatsApp. The health belief model items, the theory of reasoned action items, trust in formal institutions, and pandemic fatigue were assessed, and a path analysis was performed.ResultsPositive correlations were demonstrated between both personal and social networks compliance (nuclear family, extended family, friends, etc.) and perceived severity of COVID-19, trust in formal institutions, attitudes toward compliance, and subjective norms (r = .12 to r = .64, p < .001, N = 810). Pandemic fatigue was negatively correlated with personal and social networks compliance, perceived severity of COVID-19, trust in institutions, attitudes toward compliance, and subjective norms (r = − .21 to r = − .48, p < .001). Positive correlations were evident between compliance with quarantine and perceived severity of COVID-19 and attitudes (r = .31 and r = .28, p < .001, respectively). Personal compliance was significantly lower among men (M = 3.93, SD = 0.94) and younger respondents (M = 4.14, SD = 0.71), while social networks compliance was lower among Muslims (M = 3.78, SD = 0.75).The negative relationship between pandemic fatigue and personal compliance was mediated by lower perceived severity of COVID-19, attitudes toward compliance, and subjective norms (p < .001). The negative relationship between pandemic fatigue and social network compliance was mediated by lower trust in institutions and subjective norms (p < .001). Lower perceived severity of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between higher pandemic fatigue and lower quarantine compliance (p = .003).ConclusionsThe results highlight the important of perception of the disease severity, social and subjective norms, and the central role of trust in determining adherence to guidelines. Thus, increasing trust on authorities and planning tailored-maid interventions can raise compliance with the preventive guidelines and prevent the spread of the virus. Such interventions will address the characteristics of minority populations and take into account the implications of the guidelines and the possibility that may lead to fatigue, which in turn will lead to non-compliance with those guidelines.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed tourist behaviour. This study explores how the pandemic has changed family tourists’ confidence in travel, subsequently affecting their intention to revisit. This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of perceived risk and to examine various influential factors, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB): attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control. The study includes new variables: satisfaction, water theme park image, perceived service quality, and perceived value, on tourists’ intentions to revisit water theme parks. A total of 332 valid responses were collected. The analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software. The study revealed that perceived risk negatively moderates the relationship between attitude and revisit intention; however, it does not moderate the water theme park image and satisfaction. Additionally, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and satisfaction positively influence revisit intention, whereas the water theme park image does not positively influence it. Furthermore, the water theme park image, perceived service quality, and perceived value positively influence satisfaction. This current study has further strengthened the literature by extending the TPB model. This study also recommended water theme park operators and policymakers regarding the best strategies for encouraging tourists to revisit water theme parks. By applying the moderator of perceived risk and extending the factors of revisit intention, it would be interesting to incorporate into future research other variables that may contribute to strengthening the theory for enhancing tourist experience, particularly during the post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The existing research examines the impact of social media electronic word-of-mouth(e-WOM) adoption on green purchase intention and investigates the mediation effect of attitude and subjective norm between e-WOM adoption and green purchase intention. The theory of reasoned action and the information adoption model has been combined to study this. Data was collected from 228 respondents and analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed partial mediation of green purchase attitude and subjective norm exists in the relationship between e-WOM adoption and green purchase intentions. The research focuses on green purchase intention therefore, it benefits the environment and marketers of green cosmetics.

In the present society, online platforms play a pivotal role in shaping how individuals access health information among younger generations. The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors influencing online health information-seeking behaviour among university youth, to identify the level of eHealth literacy among university youth, and to analyse the relationship between these factors and online health information-seeking behaviour among university youth. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was used as the theoretical foundation for this research. Applying a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected via an online survey from 91 management undergraduates. The collected data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with the objective of analysing relationships among variables, fitting the model, and testing. Findings reveal that social media is the predominant source of health information, while lack of time and limited search skills are major barriers. The average eHealth literacy score was moderately high, indicating digital readiness among younger generations. The results reveal that behavioural intention and eHealth literacy significantly influence online health information-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, attitudes and subjective norms were found to shape behavioural intention strongly. These findings highlight the relevance of social and psychological factors in digital health behaviours. The study contributes theoretically by validating the TRA model in the Sri Lankan context. Further results provide insights into the design and development of eHealth systems for the young generation.

Introduction to “Psychology, Global Threats, Social Challenge, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: European Perspectives”

Introduction: This study aims to examine the influence of subjective norm attitudes, behavioral control, zakat literacy, trust, and ease-of-use on the intentions of Millennials and Generation Z to give zakat, make donations, and give alms through digital platforms, with religiosity as a moderating factor. Methods: In this study, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed as the data analysis method. The study involved 202 respondents from Millennials and Generation Z in Indonesia. Results: The study involved 202 respondents from Millennials and Generation Z in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, trust, ease of use, and religiosity significantly and positively influence the intention of Millennials and Generation Z to pay ZIS through digital platforms. However, zakat literacy does not impact their intention to use digital platforms for ZIS payments. Additionally, religiosity, when considered as a moderating variable, does not moderate the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, zakat literacy, and trust on the intention of Millennials and Generation Z to pay ZIS digitally. Conclusion and suggestion: This research provides valuable theoretical implications that can be adopted as a reference for future research that employs religiosity as a moderating variable. Most importantly, zakat institutions and the government can use these discoveries to develop policies that highlight the importance of paying ZIS and strengthen societal attitudes towards it, thereby increasing ZIS collection in Indonesia.

Without a doubt, every Malaysian citizen, regardless of race, bears responsibility for the country's defense. However, a persistent drop in non-Bumiputra enlistment in the Malaysian Army (MA) creates a serious issue, resulting in questionable MA cohesion in protecting a multiethnic nation from a security threat. Additionally, the small number of non-Bumiputra in the MA did not reflect the country's ethnic diversity or national unity. Thus, identifying the primary predictors of non-Bumiputra to enlist in the MA will assist the MA in overcoming its ongoing struggle to lessen the organization's image as a single race organization in this multi-ethnic nation. The study hypothesized that subjective norms are a predictor of non-Bumiputra intention to enlist in MA. Data was gathered through an online survey from 384 non-Bumiputra in Malaysia aged 19 to 24. The Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method was used to validate the research model and test the hypotheses. The results show that subjective norms have a significant relationship with intention to enlist in the MA and self-efficacy significantly moderate this relationship. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is extended in this study by including self-efficacy as a moderator between subjective norms and intentions. The findings provide guidelines and solutions to the MA challenge of low non-Bumiputra enlistment. Furthermore, the findings may shed light on the role of self-efficacy in predicting non-Bumiputra intention to enlist.

Construction and demolition waste (C&amp;D waste) contains various types of substances, which require different processing methods to maximize benefits and minimize harm to realize the goal of the circular economy. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the on-site sorting of C&amp;D waste and explore the determinants of managers’ waste sorting intention. Based on a comprehensive literature review of C&amp;D waste management, seven determinants are identified to explore how antecedent factors influence waste sorting intention by symmetric and asymmetric techniques. Firstly, the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to analyze the data collected from 489 managers to assess the net impact of each determinant on their intentions. Then, the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) provided another perspective by determining the configurations of the causal conditions that lead to higher or lower levels of intention. The PLS-SEM results reveal that all determinants show a significant positive relationship with the intention except for the perceived risks, which are negatively correlated with managers’ attitudes and intentions regarding C&amp;D waste sorting. Moreover, top management support and subjective norms from other project participants and the public exhibit a huge impact, while the influence of perceived behavioral control (PBC) and policies is moderate. Meanwhile, fsQCA provides a complementary analysis of the complex causality that PLS-SEM fails to capture. That is, fsQCA identified six and five configurations resulting in high and low levels of intention to sort the C&amp;D waste, respectively, and highlighted the crucial role of core conditions. The results provide theoretical and practical insights regarding proper C&amp;D waste management and enhancing sustainable development.