The coupled effects of stocking density and temperature on Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) growth in suspended culture

Abstract

Despite the profitability of the wild Atlantic Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, fishery, the U.S. still imports more than 26,000 tonnes of various scallop products annually. Atlantic Sea Scallop (hereafter referred to as scallop) aquaculture is one method of mitigating this imbalance. We examined scallop growth at three sites across the mouth of Penobscot Bay, Maine to determine the coupled effects of lantern net stocking density and temperature on growth and mortality. Scallops were held in high and low (20 and 10 individuals tier−1, respectively) density treatments, and shell height measurements were recorded monthly for one year. We divided the growth rate analysis into three periods: winter - spring, summer, and fall. During summer across all sites, growth rates were 75 % higher in low-density nets than in high-density nets. We observed significant nonlinear relationships between shell height growth rate, temperature, and stocking density. Optimal growth occurred within a window of 10–15 °C. Above this threshold, there was a distinct negative relationship between temperature and growth. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining low densities within nets, particularly during periods of high temperature and growth. However, handling in summer and early fall may lead to mortality. Therefore, we recommend that growers stock nets at low densities in the spring, ensuring that they will not require thinning during peak temperatures. Similarly, finding sites that maximize time within a thermal envelope of 10–15 °C will be critical, which in the case of the Gulf of Maine will most likely warrant leasing sites at the mouths of estuaries and bays. These locations offer a combination of sufficient depth and space for sparsely stocked nets, adequate food levels, and optimal salinity and temperature.