Abstract
This research is placed within the framework of the second demographic transition. The focus of the paper is on Canadian women aged 33–38 who began childbearing relatively late in the reproductive years. These women are compared to both single and ever-married or cohabiting women in the same age group who have no children on a series of cultural and economic variables (N= 9682). Approximately 10% of the sample consists of visible minorities. The results indicate that women with young children aged 2–5 present in the home (and no other children present) are disadvantaged in terms of economic outcome, especially labor force participation, full-time work, and income. The findings suggest that having a first child even at an older reproductive age results in women bearing a major opportunity cost for that fertility. Implications are discussed in the context of alternative childrearing behaviors.
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