Abstract
We uncover a striking relationship between the 2016 Brexit vote and COVID-19 death, infection, and vaccination rates in England. Districts that voted most heavily in favor of remaining in the European Union (top quintile) have a one-third lower death rate, a quarter lower infection rate, and a higher vaccination rate than Districts with the fewest Remainers (bottom quintile). The effect is stronger after the first wave once protective measures are known and available. Our results suggest a need for designing incentive schemes to take into consideration and account for different cultures and belief systems. Scientific prowess – such as finding effective vaccines – may not be sufficient to solve the crises.
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