Abstract
The common nature of dark matter and dark energy is argued in Gurzadyan (Eur Phys J Plus 134:14, 2019) based on the approach that the cosmological constant varLambda enters the weak-field General Relativity following from Newton theorem on the “sphere-point mass” equivalency (Gurzadyan and Stepanian in Eur Phys J C 78:632, 2018). Here we probe the varLambda -gravity description of dark matter in galaxy systems, from pairs up to galaxy clusters using the data of various sources, i.e. of Local Supercluster galaxy surveys, gravity lensing and Planck satellite. The prediction that the cosmological constant has to be the lower limit for the weak-field varLambda obtained from galaxy systems of various degree of virialization is shown to be supported by those observations. The results therefore support the varLambda -gravity nature of dark matter in the studied systems, implying that the positivity of the cosmological constant might be deduced decades ago from the dynamics of galaxies and galaxy clusters far before the cosmological SN surveys.
Highlights
A number of approaches are considered to reveal the nature of dark matter, including prediction of exotic particles and modified gravity models; for review see [3]
One of the recent approaches [1,2] is based on the General Relativity (GR) with a modified weak field limit following from the Newton theorem on equivalency of gravity of sphere and of point mass
That approach enables the common description of dark matter and dark energy, where Λ acts as a universal constant defining the GR and its weak field limit, along with the gravitational constant G [2]
Summary
A number of approaches are considered to reveal the nature of dark matter, including prediction of exotic particles and modified gravity models; for review see [3]. One of the recent approaches [1,2] is based on the General Relativity (GR) with a modified weak field limit following from the Newton theorem on equivalency of gravity of sphere and of point mass. The Newton theorem on “sphere-point” equivalency enables one to arrive at the GR metric [1,2] This implies that the weak field limit for GR as modified Newton law involves two constants (for the potential) φ(r ) = C1r −1 + C2r 2,. Within our approach Λ is emerging from the general function satisfying the Newton’s theorem and naturally emerges in weak field GR, and that correspondence can be represented via isometry groups. For all three cases introduced above the O(3) is the stabilizer group for spatial geometry This conclusion, in its turn, can be considered as the Newton’s theorem in the language of group theory. To test the conclusion on Λ-nature of dark matter in galaxy systems, below we use Eq (6) for the analysis of data samples on galaxy pairs, galaxy groups and galaxy clusters
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