The correlative hypotheses between Pitchfork and Kif3a in palate development

Abstract

It is well known that dysfunction of primary cilia during embryonic development causes a range of developmental disorders such as cleft lip and palate, lung, kidney and heart disease. Both Pitchfork and Kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a) are associating with primary cilia, but whether there is a correlation between them are still inconclusive. Our research confirmed that Pitchfork over-expression induced lateral cleft palate and primary cilia disassembly during palate development. We also demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Patched1 (Ptc1) expression levels were altering in the over-expressed Pitchfork group during palate development. Then we observed by consulting a vast amount of literature that specific knockout of the Kif3a also induced lateral cleft palate and expended the expression domains of Shh and Gli1 during palate development. Furthermore, loss of the Kif3a results in disassembly of the primary cilia and eventually leads to abnormal palatal development. Finally, we found that both Pitchfork and Kif3a are accumulating at the basal body and ciliary necklace during the early phase of cilia assembly and disassembly and both of them are involved in ciliary transport. Based on the above evidence, we hypotheses that there may be a potential correlation between Pitchfork and Kif3a, that could regulate primary cilia disassembly during palate development.