Abstract
ObjectivesIndividuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are usually > 50 years of age and have a low body mass index (BMI). An imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), play a role in tissue degradation of lung extracellular matrix among COPD individuals. The purpose of the present study was to correlate age and/or BMI with salivary levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 among Indonesian subjects with COPD.ResultsThirty COPD patients were recruited to undergo thorough physical assessment and saliva collection for evaluating TIMP-1 and MMP-3 levels using commercially available kits enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The mean (standard deviation) participant age and BMI were 60.5 (8.13) years, and 23.1 (4.75) kg/m2, respectively. Furthermore, the mean (standard deviation) of TIMP-1 and MMP3 levels were 23.99 (6.85) ng/mL and 1.81 (1.167) μM, respectively. Age was negatively correlated with MMP-3 (P < 0.05), but not with TIMP-1 levels. Age and BMI were not correlated with TIMP-1 level (P > 0.05). Collectively, this study demonstrated that age has a negative correlation with the protease marker (i.e. MMP-3), but not the anti-protease marker (TIMP-1). BMI was not correlated with either protease/anti-protease marker among Indonesian subjects with COPD.
Highlights
The proportion of active smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is estimated to be 10–15% [1, 2]
Age was significantly correlated with the salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 levels (P = 0.002), body mass index (BMI) was not correlated with MMP-3 activity (Table 2)
It has been reported that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 levels in lung tissue increase in response to higher activities of lung parenchymal MMP-3 [13]
Summary
The proportion of active smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is estimated to be 10–15% [1, 2]. COPD is characterized by partially irreversible airflow limitation, emphysema, reduced diameter of the small airways, and chronic bronchitis [3]. Smoking cessation may improve symptoms; the Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are counteracted by tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which results in reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown. The balance between MMPs and TIMPs is essential in maintaining the integrity of normal body tissues. An imbalance in the ratio of MMPs and TIMPs may manifest as numerous pathological conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and periodontitis [5]. In the field of periodontology, smoking has been associated with an increased incidence and severity of various periodontal diseases [6]. Inflammation within the oral cavity and in the airway can be assessed using
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