Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused due to the destruction of dopaminergic neurons and the deposition of α-synuclein proteins, known as Lewy bodies. Generally, the diagnosis of PD is centered around motor symptoms. However, the early recognition of non-motor symptoms such as autonomic dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and psychiatric disturbances are gaining increased attention for the early diagnosis of PD. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is described as parasomnia, which is a condition of loss of normal muscle atonia causing the person to act out vivid dreams and it has been seen to be associated with the misprocessing of intercellular α-synuclein leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. This review’s objective is to highlight the significance of RBD as a prodromal premotor marker for the early detection of PD. We used PubMed as our primary database to search for articles on May 2, 2021, and a total of 1849 articles were found in our initial search using keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords. Thereafter, we removed the duplicates, applied the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and did a quality appraisal to include 10 articles in this study. We concluded that the recognition and diagnosis of RBD are of paramount importance to detect early PD, and further longitudinal studies and clinical trials are of utmost importance to understand their correlation; also, treatment trials are needed to prevent the phenoconversion of RBD into PD.
Highlights
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the adult population of age greater than 65 years, with a prevalence rate of 0.4% [1]
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is described as parasomnia, which is a condition of loss of normal muscle atonia causing the person to act out vivid dreams and it has been seen to be associated with the misprocessing of intercellular α-synuclein leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as PD
The results showed that idiopathic RBD (iRBD) is an early manifestation of PD
Summary
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the adult population of age greater than 65 years, with a prevalence rate of 0.4% [1]. Abnormal proteinaceous spherical bodies known as Lewy bodies are formed, leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. This correlates with the neuropathological brain changes in PD, which cause motor impairments such as bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor in patients [4, 5]. It has been found that the high prevalence of sleep problems in PD patients causes a significant reduction in the quality of life and even early institutionalization [3]. Recent studies have highlighted rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder or REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) as a premotor marker for neurodegenerative diseases as it has been seen to be associated with the misprocessing of intercellular α-synuclein [7]
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