Abstract
The relationship between selenium (Se) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains controversial. In previous animal and cell studies, Se was found to be insulin mimic and antidiabetic, whereas recent epidemiological and interventional trials have shown an unexpected association between high Se intake and increased risk of T2D. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of dietary Se and T2D in North Chinese adults. A large sample of the population was enrolled through cluster sampling in Northern China (N=8824). Information on basic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and dietary Se intake was collected from each subject for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dietary Se and T2D through adjusted odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The average nutritional Se intake was 52.43 μg/day, and the prevalence of T2D was 20.4% in the studied population. The OR for developing T2D was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.99; P for linear trend <0.005), comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of energy-adjusted Se intake in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The mediation analysis discovered that glucose metabolism (indicated by FBG and HbA1c) mediated this association. In conclusion, our research adds further support to the role of high dietary Se in the incidence of T2D. The results also suggested that this association was mediated by glucose metabolism.
Highlights
Se is an essential micronutrient that plays structural and enzymatic roles in antioxidant defense systems, such as metabolism of thyroid hormone, red-ox homeostasis, reproduction, and immunity through Se-containing selenoproteins such as iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and thioredoxin reductases [1,2,3]
Few Chinese people studies have adjusted necessary dietary information and studied the association between dietary Se and type 2 diabetes (T2D). erefore, this study investigated the possible correlation between dietary Se and T2D in North Chinese adults
We observed that the participants with T2D were older and most likely the male with a higher level of body mass index (BMI), body fat, protein, TG, cholesterol, energy intake, coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, obesity, and lower levels of carbohydrate than those in healthy individuals while nonsignificant differences were observed for fiber, cholesterol, and drinking (Table 1)
Summary
Se is an essential micronutrient that plays structural and enzymatic roles in antioxidant defense systems, such as metabolism of thyroid hormone, red-ox homeostasis, reproduction, and immunity through Se-containing selenoproteins such as iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and thioredoxin reductases [1,2,3]. It has the potential to prevent the onset and progress of T2D, gestational disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), [4] colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer by the action of its antioxidant selenoproteins and insulin mimic selenate [4,5,6,7]. Various prospective studies have claimed the reduction of diabetic risk with higher Se intake, suggesting a beneficial effect of Se supplementation [7, 8]. Individuals with higher Se levels have a lower chance of T2D, as claimed in a prospective study on healthy men and women in the US population [7]. The higher intake of inorganic Se has a progressively negative association with T2D in various animal studies [9, 10]. Some studies reported a nonsignificant association between Se and T2D [11, 12].
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