Abstract
The correct theoretical analysis of the generally accepted foundations of classical thermodynamics is proposed. The principle of the unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is a methodological basis of the analysis. The result is as follows: the foundations of classical thermodynamics (i.e., the first and second laws, equation of state, concepts of internal energy, of heat energy, of entropy, of temperature) contain logical errors. The existence of logical errors is irrefutable proof of incorrectness of thermodynamics. The correct statistical foundations are proposed.
Highlights
As is known, thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the heat energy and work of a system
The correct base for comparison of the concepts is Gibbs quantum canonical distribution, and the principle of the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics represents the methodological basis of the analysis
The phenomenological, non-objective theory must be scientifically grounded and interpreted by the objective theory which has the same object of scientific research
Summary
The generally accepted second law of thermodynamics reads as follows: the total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase over time, approaching a maximum value. Are the thermodynamic heat energy, the thermodynamic entropy, and the thermodynamic temperature of the system. In order to research this expression, one should establish logical relations between concepts “thermodynamic heat energy”,. “thermodynamic entropy”, “thermodynamic temperature” and concepts “statistical heat energy”, “statistical entropy”, “statistical temperature”. Correct solution of this problem is based on Gibbs quantum canonical distribution which represents the correct and complete quantum-statistical description of isolated macroscopic system – ideal gas of molecules (quantum particles) –. Gibbs quantum canonical distribution is consequence of the following set of principles [10-. (2) The principle of energy of quantum particle: the energy En , n = 0, 1, 2, ... (3) The principle of equivalence of energy En and frequency hν n of quantum particle: energy
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