Abstract
One of the important alternative water source of water is treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant that may be used in the agricultural sectors. Reused wastewater depending on the treatment method may contain various contaminants, including microbial contaminants. In most countries, fecal coliforms are used as a good indicator of microbial contamination control and viral contamination is not analyzed. In this study, the probability of COVID-19 outbreaks with reusing treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. According to this study, irrigation of the agricultural products with treated effluents or spreading biosolids on farm lands may be one of the ways of transmission of the COVID-19 disease.
Highlights
In recent years treated municipal wastewater is one of the important alternative water source of water in water-scarce regions
The total amount of reused biosludge for agricultural applications in Italy was up to 30% of total biosolids production in 2010 (1.1 million tons of dry matter). 50% of produced bio-sludge in Lombardy is reused for agriculture (700000 t/year, 2007-2010)
As the World Health Organization announced the COVID-19 viral disease that has swept into most countries and killed more than 13,000 people is officially a pandemic
Summary
PhD of Environmental Health, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Iran *Corresponding author: Ahmad Sabzali, PhD of Environmental Health, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Iran. The Coronavirus Transmission by Wastewater and Biosolids Reuse for Agricultural Usages: A Literature Review.
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