The Coronary Reperfusion Effect and Safety of Prehospital P2Y12 Inhibitor in Primary-PCI STEMI Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background The concept of early administration of P2Y12 inhibitor in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is widely accepted, but whether prehospital administration results in greater coronary reperfusion remains unclear. Our study aims to analyze the benefit and safety of prehospital P2Y12 inhibitor compared to in-hospital P2Y12 inhibitor administration. Method Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were searched from database inception to June 2023. We included all types of studies except for conference publications, abstract presentations, reviews, and case reports. The primary outcomes were pre-PCI TIMI flow grade 2–3 (TIMI = Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) and major bleeding. The secondary outcomes included post-PCI TIMI flow grade 2–3, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and short-term (30-day) mortality. Result Eight individual studies with a total of 10823 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with in-hospital P2Y12 inhibitor, prehospital P2Y12 inhibitor were associated with significantly higher rates of pre-PCI TIMI flow grade 2–3 (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.61, p = 0.005) and post-PCI TIMI flow grade 2–3 (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04–1.97, p = 0.03), and a significantly lower risk of recurrent MI (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.96, p = 0.03). There were no significant difference in the risk of major bleeding (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.75–1.32, p = 0.98), MACE (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.25, p = 0.65), or short-term mortality (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.50–1.51, p = 0.61). Conclusion Prehospital P2Y12 inhibitor compared to in-hospital P2Y12 inhibitor is associated with a significantly higher rate of pre-PCI and post-PCI TIMI flow grade 2–3, a reduced risk of recurrent MI, and no increase in major bleeding in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.