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Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play essential roles in the regulation of diverse biological processes by formulating a DNA template that is accessible to the general transcription apparatus. Although the function of chromatin remodelers in plant development has been studied in A. thaliana, how it affects growth and development of major crops (e.g., maize) remains uninvestigated. Combining genetic, genomic and bioinformatic analyses, we show here that the maize core subunit of chromatin remodeling complex, ZmCHB101, plays essential roles in growth and development of maize at both vegetative and reproductive stages. Independent ZmCHB101 RNA interference plant lines displayed abaxially curling leaf phenotype due to increase of bulliform cell numbers, and showed impaired development of tassel and cob. RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling revealed that ZmCHB101 dictated transcriptional reprogramming of a significant set of genes involved in plant development, photosynthesis, metabolic regulation, stress response and gene expressional regulation. Intriguingly, we found that ZmCHB101 was required for maintaining normal nucleosome density and 45 S rDNA compaction. Our findings suggest that the SWI3 protein, ZmCHB101, plays pivotal roles in maize normal growth and development via regulation of chromatin structure.
Highlights
In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the roles of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling in growth and development have been reported[5,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]
We found that the ZmCHB101-RNA interference (RNAi) lines manifested curling leaves and impaired development in reproductive tissues in maize, i.e., significant reduction of spikelet numbers and smaller and lighter ears compared to WT
These observations are reminiscent of the brahama, Atswi3c and Atswi3d mutants in A. thaliana[5]
Summary
In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the roles of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling in growth and development have been reported[5,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. In this study, using genetic, genomic and bioinformatic analyses, we show that the maize SWI3, ZmCHB101, plays an essential role in maize growth and development. Further genome-wide transcriptomic analyses revealed that ZmCHB101 orchestrated the expression of a large set of genes involving metabolic process regulation, photosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and stress response. Our results have elucidated multiple functions of a maize SWI3, ZmCHB101, in mediating transcriptional regulation of a large number of genes essential for normal growth and development of maize via chromatin regulation
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