Abstract
The copper deposits of Bor, volcanic activities in the area and relationship of minerals through time are presented by formations within the Cenomanian-Turonian range. Geology and age of the deposits are given in the geological-time order based on superposition of the Timok mineral-ore Formation and the underlying (Cenomanian) and fossiliferous overlying (Senonian) strata. The concept of dating Bor deposits the Turonian is discussed in this context. Bor deposits lie between the Cenomanian Krivelj Formation and the Senonian epiclastic Metovnica Formation. Embedded between the two formations is the Timok volcanogenic Formation. Described in this paper are principal members of the Timok Formation strata: volcanogenic and subvolcanogenic- intrusive rocks, a zone of hydrothermally altered rocks and main types of the Bor ore deposits: (a) Deposits of massive sulphide coppers; (b) Vein and stockwork-disseminated type of mineralisation; (c) Porphyry mineralisation; and (d) Reworked ore-clasts of copper sulphides of the Novo Okno deposit. Identified deposits, according to the Bor Geological Service records and published works, are systematized and summarized into three geographic units: (1) Group of deposits Severozapad (Brezanik); (2) Central Bor Deposits (Tilva Ros, Coka Dulkan, Tilva Mika, Borska Reka, and Veliki Krivelj) and many ore bodies; (3) Copper deposits Jugoistok (ore bodies X and J) and olistostrome deposit Novo Okno. Information given in this paper, the discussion on relative geologic age of the Bor deposit?s floor and roof in particular, support our concept that the process ceased before the Upper Turonian, and that age of the primary copper mineralization is Turonian.
Highlights
Bor area has been explored for copper deposits over hundred years
Porphyry copper deposit of Veliki Krivelj formed in the hornblende-biotite andesite environment, from 88 m.y. to 91. m.y. absolute age, and partly in its pyroclastics and quartz diorite (JANKOVIĆ 1990, p. 316)
Reworked ore-clasts of the primary Bor copper minerals and their derivation from olistostrome in the Novo Okno orebody (Upper Turonian–Lower Senonian) are an even stronger argument that the Laramian model of the Paleogene copper metallogeny in Bor is no longer tenable
Summary
Bor area has been explored for copper deposits over hundred years. New large porphyry deposits were found and worked parallel with the earlier opened ones and the known copper ore of massive sulphides. Many geological-metallogenic studies, analyses and monographs on metallogeny of the Bor deposits, paragenetic sequences and types of mineralization have been published but have not yet solved the original relation (age, porphyry mineralization, massive sulphide copper deposits, the Novo Okno ore clast deposit, etc.). Formational approach last few years to the issue helped an accurate geological presentation of the time-stratigraphic relationship of ore minerals, origin and development of the Bor deposits. Considered in this context are processes of the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) volcanism and mineralization in the area, relationship between the fossiliferous Cenomanian floor and the Senonian roof of the Bor ore-bearing rocks in particular
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