The cooperative p-n heterojunction and Schottky junction in Au-decorated hierarchical CuS@SnS2 hollow cubes for boosted charge transport and CO2 photoreduction

Abstract

During the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process, fast charge transport, abundant active sites, and high visible light utilization in photocatalysts are key to achieving excellent CO2 conversion efficiency. In this work, we have designed and prepared hierarchical CuS@SnS2p-n heterostructure hollow cubes for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. First, a monolayer of CuS was in situ generated on the pre-prepared Cu2O cubes to construct core–shell Cu2O@CuS cubes by sulfidation of Cu2O cubes. The following etching process led to the formation of CuS hollow cubes. Finally, the hierarchical CuS@SnS2p-n heterostructure hollow cubes were obtained by growing SnS2 nanosheets on the CuS hollow cubes. The prepared CuS@SnS2p-n heterostructure hollow cubes showed an improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity compared with the bare CuS and SnS2 control samples. The p-n heterojunction formed between SnS2 and CuS as well as its hollow structure enhanced the charge carrier separation efficiency and the light absorption capacity of the hybrid catalyst. Furthermore, after the decoration of Au nanoparticles, the formed Schottky junction further discouraged the charge carrier recombination. Thus, the cooperative p-n heterojunction and Schottky junction greatly facilitated photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and exhibiting the maximum CO and CH4 yields of 140.1 and 77.5 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. This work presents an efficient design of high-performance catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.