The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in man. Direct measurement by continuous intravenous tracer infusions of L-[ ring- 2H 5]phenylalanine and L-[1- 13C]tyrosine in the postabsorptive state

Abstract

Steady state phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover and the rate of conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in vivo were determined in 6 healthy postabsorptive adult volunteers. Continuous infusions of tracer amounts of L-[ ring- 2H 5]phenylalanine were administered intravenously for 13–14 hr. After 9–10 hr, a priming dose followed by a continuous infusion of L-[1- 13C]tyrosine was added and maintained, along with the [ 2H 5]phenylalanine infusion, for 4 hr. Venous plasma samples were obtained before the initiation of each infusion and every 30 min during the course of the combined [ 2H 5]phenylalanine and [ 13C]tyrosine infusion for determination of isotopic enrichments of [ 2H 5]phenylalanine, [ 13C]tyrosine, and [ 2H 4[tyrosine by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric analysis of the N-trifluoroacetyl-, methyl ester derivatives of the amino acids. Calculated from the observed enrichments, free phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover rates were 36.1 ± 5.1 μmole · kg −1 · h −1 and 39.8 ± 3.5 μmole · kg −1 · h −1, respectively. Phenylalanine was converted to tyrosine at the rate of 5.83 ± 0.59 μmole · kg −1 · h −1, accounting for approximately 16% of either the phenylalanine or the tyrosine flux. The results indicate that the normal basal steady state phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo in man is lower than that obtained from phenylalanine loading studies. This supports the existence of some type of substrate activation of the enzyme as reflected in the previously reported exponential relationship between phenylalanine concentration and phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vitro. The use of continuous simultaneous infusions of tracer amounts of stable isotope-labeled phenylalanine and tyrosine provides a direct means for studying physiological regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo.