Abstract
In new and refurbished buildings, different energy sources are usually exploited to reach the Near Zero Energy Building target. Heat pumps and renewables are the most common adopted technologies. The coupling of the different components with a control logic conceived to exploit all energy contributions causes an implied design complexity. In this paper, two case studies were reported regarding the use of multisource heat pump systems: as main novelties, the correct design of the solar field (thermal or photovoltaic/thermal) in relation with the other sources (ground heat exchangers, ventilation heat recovery) for a given building and climate was reported in order to balance the energy drawn and injected into the ground around the year, and to attempt to reach the independency from the electric grid. Moreover, the relatively complex (compared to conventional heating or cooling) system controlling for multisource heat pump plants was simulated. The paper reported on the design of the plant, of the control logic, and the energy performance of two original multisource heat pump systems by means of dynamic simulation. In one case, real measured data were available as well. Very high primary energy ratios were obtained due to suitable control logics of the multisource plants, around 1.4 (based on measured data) and 4.7 (based on simulated data) for the first and second case, respectively. As a consequence, non-renewable primary energy consumptions of 37 and 3.9 kWh m−2 y−1 were determined, respectively.
Highlights
Low energy buildings, and above all modern Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), are based on the minimization of non-renewable primary energy consumption
Particular care is advisable with regard to the selection of both the heating system and the heat source
As the originality of this study, the conceptualization of innovative control logics and their dynamic simulation by means of Trnsys® are presented for two real HVAC plants, in order to attain very high efficiency and low non-renewable primary energy consumption, and the best configuration in terms of integration and management of renewable energy and multisource heat pump systems
Summary
Above all modern Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), are based on the minimization of non-renewable primary energy consumption. For the second case study, a dual source glazed PVT/ground heat pump system coupled to a retrofitted part of an old school building in the north of Italy was presented [20] Such a configuration allowed the thermal efficiency of the plant and the electric efficiency of the PVT to increase, preventing the risk of cell damage due to overheating. As the originality of this study, the conceptualization of innovative control logics and their dynamic simulation by means of Trnsys® are presented for two real HVAC plants, in order to attain very high efficiency and low non-renewable primary energy consumption, and the best configuration in terms of integration and management of renewable energy and multisource heat pump systems
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