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Abstract
Immune cells play an integral role in affecting successful reproductive function. Indeed, disturbed or aberrant immune function has been identified as primary mechanisms behind infertility. In contrast to the extensive body of literature that exists for human and mouse, studies detailing the immunological interaction between the embryo and the maternal endometrium are quite few in cattle. Nevertheless, by reviewing the existing studies and extrapolating from sheep, pig, mouse, and human data, we can draw a reasonably comprehensive picture. Key contributions of immune cell populations include granulocyte involvement in follicle differentiation and gamete transfer, monocyte invasion of the peri-ovulatory follicle and their subsequent role in corpus luteum formation and the pivotal roles of maternal macrophage and dendritic cells in key steps of the establishment of pregnancy, particularly, the maternal immune response to the embryo. These contributions are reviewed in detail below and key findings are discussed.
Highlights
It is estimated that fetal viability is only achieved in about 55% of fertilizations in non-compromised cattle, indicating an embryonic/fetal mortality of about 35%
In contrast to the extensive body of literature that exists for human and mouse, studies detailing the immunological interaction between the embryo and the maternal endometrium in cattle have primarily focused on the role of the maternal recognition factor, the type I antiviral cytokine, interferon tau [2, 3] in corpus luteum (CL) maintenance, and progesterone priming of the endometrium
Comparing the gene expression profiles of follicular tissue from heifers to that of lactating cows, it would appear that the recruitment of leukocytes to the differentiating follicle is delayed in cows
Summary
Immune cells play an integral role in affecting successful reproductive function. Key contributions of immune cell populations include granulocyte involvement in follicle differentiation and gamete transfer, monocyte invasion of the periovulatory follicle and their subsequent role in corpus luteum formation and the pivotal roles of maternal macrophage and dendritic cells in key steps of the establishment of pregnancy, the maternal immune response to the embryo. These contributions are reviewed in detail below and key findings are discussed
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