Abstract
Air pollution is one of the serious problems facing the world. This is mainly due to production and consumption of fossil fuels. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions could affect human health and destroy vegetation through acid deposition and cause transboundary air pollution. Currently, there are no regional ambient SO2 and NOx regulations and control measures of many developing countries including GCC countries. This paper reviewed the experiences of the past acid rain pollution problems in United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and China. In addition, the plausible control measures through application of air pollution abatement technologies, market based regulations were discussed. The study recommended that suitable and locally based measures could be adopted by GCC states to prevent future occurrence of acid rain within the region and beyond.
Highlights
Air pollution has been one of the major concerns for many countries due to its detrimental effects on human’s health, ecosystem and economy
This paper reviewed the experiences of the past acid rain pollution problems in United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and China
The paper first presents the overview of the acid rain control strategies through market based and technological approach followed by the acid rain experiences by China, Japan, Canada, and United States
Summary
Air pollution has been one of the major concerns for many countries due to its detrimental effects on human’s health, ecosystem and economy. Al Farsi posure to these pollutants is associated with health effects such as respiratory infections, heart diseases and cancer (Brunekreef & Holgate, 2002). Air pollutants can cause a variety of environmental problems including climate change, acid rain, crop and forest damage, ozone depletion, effects on wildlife, haze and eutrophication (Lekeshmanaswamy, 2012). The effect of this pollution creates heavy costs which are estimated to reach up to $5 trillion per annum to treat people and repair the environmental damage (World Bank, 2016). Researchers continue to work along with governments and environmental agencies to reduce air pollution and the damage it causes
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