Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies indicate that psychological, social, and organizational factors at work contribute to health, motivation, absence from work, and functional ability.The objective of the study was to assess the current state of knowledge of the contribution of psychological, social, and organizational factors to disability retirement by a systematic review and meta-analyses.MethodsData sources: A systematic literature search for studies of retirement due to disability in Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO was performed. Reference lists of relevant articles were hand-searched for additional studies. Data extraction: Internal validity was assessed independently by two referees with a detailed checklist for sources of bias. Conclusions were drawn based on studies with acceptable quality. Data synthesis: We calculated combined effect estimates by means of averaged associations (Risk ratios) across samples, weighting observed associations by the study’s sample size. Thirty-nine studies of accepted quality were found, 37 of which from the Nordic countries.ResultsThere was moderate evidence for the role of low control (supported by weighted average RR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.21-1.61) and moderate evidence for the combination of high demands and low control (although weighted average was RR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.96-2.19) as predictors of disability retirement. There were no major systematic differences in findings between the highest rated and the lowest rated studies that passed the criterion for adequate quality. There was limited evidence for downsizing, organizational change, lack of employee development and supplementary training, repetitive work tasks, effort-reward imbalance to increase risk of disability pension. Very limited evidence was found for job demands, evening or night work, and low social support from ones superior.ConclusionsPsychological and organizational factors at work contribute to disability retirement with the most robust evidence for the role of work control. We recommend the measurement of specific exposure factors in future studies.
Highlights
Previous studies indicate that psychological, social, and organizational factors at work contribute to health, motivation, absence from work, and functional ability
Disability is defined as the general inability to perform ones job, either due to (i) a problem in body function or structure, (ii) difficulties in executing tasks, or (iii) problems experienced in participating in tasks or social relations at the workplace, cfr The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF; http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/) developed by the WHO
Studies excluded in the initial screening did not fulfill any of the inclusion criteria, or were duplicates
Summary
Previous studies indicate that psychological, social, and organizational factors at work contribute to health, motivation, absence from work, and functional ability. The objective of the study was to assess the current state of knowledge of the contribution of psychological, social, and organizational factors to disability retirement by a systematic review and meta-analyses. The objective of the present systematic review was to assess the state of knowledge of the contribution of psychological, social, and organizational factors at work to retirement due to disability. Competence is a central concept in management and employment referring to knowledge and skills and relevant abilities. These concepts overlap (Tengland [2]) and both are either defined relative to demands posed by one specific job (e.g., the job held by an individual) or relative to demands of holding a job in general [2]
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