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Abstract
In this information age, messages related to time, and uncertainty surround us. At the same time, our daily lives are filled with decisions accompanied by temporal delay or uncertainty. Will such information influence our temporal and probabilistic discounting? The authors address this question from the perspectives of decision by sampling (DbS) theory and psychological distance theory. Studies 1 and 2 investigated the effect of contextual messages on temporal discounting and probabilistic discounting, respectively. The results indicated that participants who memorized messages about long-term and low-probability events rated delay or uncertainty as mentally closer and exhibited a less degree of value discounting than those who memorized messages regarding short-term and high-probability events. In addition, a sense of distance from present or reality mediated the effect of contextual messages on value discounting. The implications of the current findings for theory and applications are discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionThanks to scientific progress and the widespread power of the internet, millions of pieces of information regarding time or uncertainty—for example, the selfupdating rate of human cells, the half-lives of atoms, the duplication accuracy of DNA, and the success rate of iris certification systems—are accessible to us
A one-factor ANOVA illustrated that the effect of contextual messages on temporal distance estimation was significant [F(4, 180) = 2.93, p < 0.05]
The effect of contextual messages was found in the present value estimation task [F(4, 180) = 2.94, p < 0.05]
Summary
Thanks to scientific progress and the widespread power of the internet, millions of pieces of information regarding time or uncertainty—for example, the selfupdating rate of human cells, the half-lives of atoms, the duplication accuracy of DNA, and the success rate of iris certification systems—are accessible to us. In our daily lives, we must constantly make decisions under conditions of delay and uncertainty. Given that the outcomes of these decisions occur in the future or with uncertainty, our value estimations of them are somewhat diminished. Does information pertaining to time or probability, such as the half-lives of atoms and duplication accuracy rate of DNA, influence our assessments of delayed or uncertain outcomes? We address these two questions in the current paper
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