The Contained Sample Handling and Analysis System

Abstract

The contained sample handling and analysis system (CSHAS) system supports the handling and analysis of Mars returned samples in a sample receiving facility (SRF). CSHAS builds upon prior efforts for spaceborne cell culturing systems, incorporating new technologies from related fields such as biomedical devices and semiconductor manufacturing. The CSHAS system uses the NASA Cell Culture Unit (CCU) as the basis for a new instrument for automated handling and analysis of a subset (e.g., fine particles) of the sample. The CCU, an autonomous bioreactor habitat being developed by Aurora Flight Sciences (AFS) for NASA, was developed for use aboard the International Space Station. The CCU has several features — including sample segregation and containment, automated sub-sampling, video microscopy, thermal conditioning, and environmental sensing — that are applicable for use in returned Mars sample handling and analysis. Our effort is to adapt the CCU flight system for use on Earth to perform analysis, testing, preparation and other functions in support of defined Mars returned sample handling and analysis protocols. The CSHAS technology development effort focuses on: (1) defining the specific role(s) for CSHAS in the Mars returned sample handling protocols, (2) determining the needed modifications to the existing CCU design, (3) implementing the appropriate modifications through subsystem design modifications and component selection, and (4) developing a breadboard system that is capable of demonstrating the applicable functions (e.g., sample handling, reagent addition/sample extraction, chemical and physical analysis, bioisolation) in a SRF-relevant laboratory environment. The result of this activity will be to bring the CSHAS technology to a maturity of TRL-4 (i.e., breadboard system in laboratory environment), setting the stage for follow-on efforts to advance the technology to TRL-6 (i.e., prototype demonstration in SRF analogue environment). The CSHAS development is responsive to a need for systems to allow preparation and testing of a returned Mars sample. The need to protect both the Earth's population and the sample itself from contamination presents one of the most technically complex aspects of the Mars sample return (MSR) mission. The CSHAS system described herein would significantly advance our ability to perform physical and chemical analyses, life detection tests, and biohazard detection tests and other analyses so as to reduce the safely risk and enhance the scientific return for this critical MSR operation.