Abstract

I present a theory of how behavior within organizations comes to be labeled as misconduct at the organizational level. Rather than focusing on individual judgment and decision-making, I conceptualize the labeling of misconduct as an organizational performance—less a courtroom than a courtroom drama. I argue that these performances play a critical role in how organizations can reduce negative deviance without at the same time discouraging positive deviance. I illustrate this using a case study of Japanese shrine festivals. Drawing from ethnohistorical literature, I argue that the processes through which participants identify and attribute responsibility for misconduct play a crucial role in encouraging the expression of voice, a form of positive deviance, during these festivals.

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