The Construction of Biomimetic Cementum Through a Combination of Bioskiving and Fluorine-Containing Biomineralization.

Tao Yang,Qiaobing Xu,Yu Lan,Yubing Hong,Wei Teng,Yingjie Yu,Qinmei Wang,Chuanzi Liu,Yanshan Li,Li Chi

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00341

Abstract

Despite tremendous attention is given to the construction of biomimetic cementum for regeneration of tooth cementum, the lack of recapitulating the composition and hierarchical structure of cementum often leads to the poor performance of constructed materials. How to highly mimic the sophisticated composition and hierarchy of cementum remains a longstanding challenge in constructing the biomimetic cementum. Inspired by cementum formation process, a novel construction approach via a combination of bioskiving and fluorine-containing biomineralization is developed in this study. The alternative collagen lamellae (ACL) that can highly mimic the rotated plywood structure of cementum collagen matrix is fabricated via bioskiving. Followed by biomineralization in the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) solution with different concentration of fluorine, a series of biomimetic cementum is constructed. Screened by physicochemical characterization, the biomimetic cementum with the composition and hierarchical structure highly similar to human cementum is selected. Through in vitro biological assay, this biomimetic cementum is proven to significantly promote the adhesion, proliferation, and cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrates that biomimetic cementum could induce cementogenesis. This biomimetic cementum constructed via combinatory application of bioskiving and fluorine-containing biomineralization stands as a promising candidate for achieving cementum regeneration.

Highlights

The cementum or root cementum is a thin mineralized tissue covering the tooth root surface
A single halo peak associated with ν4 PO43− bending mode was found in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of fluorine containing ACP (FACP) [Figures 2D(a–d)], revealing the presence of the amorphous phase
This single halo peak was split into two peaks in the absence of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), which was related with the crystalline phase of FHA [Figure 2D(e)]

Summary

Introduction

The cementum or root cementum is a thin mineralized tissue covering the tooth root surface. As a significantly vital tissue joining the tooth to the alveolar socket, the cementum performs an irreplaceable role in protecting the root dentine from external stimulus, serving as the anchoring site for periodontal ligament (PDL) and resisting multi-directional stress during mastication (Park et al, 2017). The composition and hierarchical structure are the key issues endowing the cementum with unique biological and mechanical properties to fully exert its function. The composition and hierarchical structure of cementum are extremely vulnerable under the frequentlyoccurring disease such as the root caries and periodontitis (Li et al, 2019). The destroyed cementum severely inhibits the bioactivity of PDL cells (PDLCs) and affects subsequent PDL formation, and may initiate and aggravate root dentine resorption (Alyahya and Alqareer, 2017). Achieving cementum regeneration is of essential importance and remains a long-standing challenge need to be addressed

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion