Abstract

Background Despite a rapid popular of early onset type 2 diabetes (defined as diagnosis at <40 years old) recently, there is a lack of studies on this population in economically undeveloped area. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of macrovascular complications in the early onset T2DM patients in Xinjiang, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1736 consecutive patients with T2DM was conducted. Macrovascular complications and risk factors were documented. Another nondiabetic population matched with age and sex was as a control group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (OR) for macrovascular complications in early and late onset T2DM, respectively. Results The final analysis consisted of 1036 late onset and 219 early onset T2DM patients. The mean HbA1c in the early onset group was higher than that in the late onset group (9.1 ± 2.4% versus 8.3 ± 2.2%, P=0.039) despite a higher proportion of patients in the early onset group receiving insulin treatment (73.1% versus 58.7%, P < 0.001). Compared to the control, early onset patients had higher blood pressure and worse lipid profiles (all P < 0.01). More than half of the early onset T2DM patients already had macro- and microvascular complications, despite of their young age (39.5 ± 10.8) and short DM duration (6.6 ± 8.0). In the early onset group, women had a ~3-fold hazard of atherosclerotic plaques compared with men (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.53–6.78). Conclusions Patients with early onset T2DM have worse glycemic control and higher burden of atherogenic risk factors. The prevalence of macro- and microvascular complications is astonishingly high in these young adults with T2DM. Moreover, young women with T2DM are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications than their male counterpart.

Highlights

  • Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability

  • The number of patients with diabetes worldwide is projected to double over the 30 years, mainly in a developing country; 85% of patients are categorized as having type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with associated mortality predominantly from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]

  • Recent evidence suggests that early onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus CVD (T2DM) is a more aggressive disease phenotype than the late onset cohort, and a premature development of micro- and macrovascular complications is the main concern for these young patients [4, 5]

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Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability. The number of patients with diabetes worldwide is projected to double over the 30 years, mainly in a developing country; 85% of patients are categorized as having type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with associated mortality predominantly from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]. Recent evidence suggests that early onset T2DM is a more aggressive disease phenotype than the late onset cohort, and a premature development of micro- and macrovascular complications is the main concern for these young patients [4, 5]. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of macrovascular complications in the early onset T2DM patients in Xinjiang, China. Macrovascular complications and risk factors were documented Another nondiabetic population matched with age and sex was as a control group. More than half of the early onset T2DM patients already had macro- and microvascular complications, despite of their young age (39.5 ± 10.8) and short DM duration (6.6 ± 8.0). Patients with early onset T2DM have worse glycemic control and higher burden of atherogenic risk factors. Young women with T2DM are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications than their male counterpart

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