Abstract
Oil production, as well as the transportation of oil and gas through pipeline systems, cause the destruction and man-made transformation of the natural ecosystems of Northern Eurasia, an increase in the area of disturbed lands, and a reduction in the habitats of specially protected plant species. In this regard, the most significant measures for biological diversity are the identification of conditions for the growth of populations of rare plants in man-made biotopes and the development of methods for their conservation and restoration. 12 species (Carex sylvatica, Dactylorhiza baltica, D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, Fragaria moschata, Glyceria lithuanica, Listera ovata, Neottia nidus-avis, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Platanthera bifolia, Veratrum lobelianum) from the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region and 1 species (Dactylorhiza baltica) from the Red Book of the Leningrad region were recorded in the protected area of oil pipelines. Moreover,Dactylorhiza balticais listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. ForDactylorhiza fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, Fragaria moschata, at the risk of complete destruction of their biotopes, methods of their transplantation, repatriation and rehabilitation have been developed and transferred to the appropriate Department of the Yaroslavl region. For the restoration of biotopes on bulk sand dams of an oil field in Western Siberia, an experimental study of the wild speciesLeymus arenarieusas a fixative of technogenic sands showed good results.
Highlights
The preservation and restoration of biodiversity is the most important task of industrialized regions
A number of protected species were found in a single habitat (1 specimen of Neottia nidus-avis), in 2 habitats (1 and 3 specimens of Dactylorhiza baltica) and in 3 habitats (1-3 specimens of Platanthera bifolia) [6]
Our studies have shown that the cutting down of tree and shrub vegetation along the pipeline protected areas favours the growth of rare species that belong to meadow and swamp-meadow plants [8]
Summary
The preservation and restoration of biodiversity is the most important task of industrialized regions. International [1], regional [2, 3] and national [4] Red Books of rare Plants requiring protection have been created. In this regard, the monitoring of vegetation cover on lands subject to technogenic disturbance is the key to the successful conservation and restoration of biological diversity. The introduction of wild-growing seeds, including specially protected species, harvested locally and allocated for industrial development, into the sown grass mixtures will help preserve the biodiversity in the regions. The search, testing and use of plant species of local wild flora is a promising direction in the environmental and sanitary-hygienic direction of reclamation
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