The concepts of the sick role and illness behavior.

Illness behavior and the sick role in chronic disease: The case of multiple sclerosis

(1966). Health Behavior, Illness Behavior, and Sick-Role Behavior. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 531-541.

The Five-Factor Model of Personality: strengths and limitations in predicting health status, sick-role and illness behaviour

The application of theory in childhood asthma self-help programs

Study on medical behavior is one of the useful approaches to examine the relationship of individual health-related motivations to utilization of selective health services. And also, Abernathy et al.(1972) emphasised an ability to determine the factors influencing an individual's decision to seek care would be an important contribution to the management of primary care facilities and removal of barriers that deny certain portions of a population access to care. The medical behavior consists of three kinds of definitions; health behavior, illness behavior and sick-role behavior developed by Kasl and Cobb(1966). The health behavior is the activity undertaken by those who believe themselves to be in good health, for the purpose of preventing or detecting disease, in an asymptomalic stage. The illness behavior is the activity undertaken by those who fell ill to define the state of their health and to discover a suitable remedy while the sick-role behavior formulated in sociological conception by T. Parsons, is the activity undertaken by those who consider themselves to be ill and anticipated to have an important social role, and then is related to social factors of the population (Segall A. 1976). The purpose of the present study was to examine the actual situation of health condition, the daily behavior for the restoration of health and the utilization of medical care services at some divisional hospitals in Fiji, from the viewpoint of the illness behavior.

The measurement of abnormal illness behavior: Toward a new research agenda for the Illness Behavior Questionnaire

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between uncertainty in illness, subjective health status, and compliance with sick role behavior according to levels of health literacy in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Participants were 172 hemodialysis patients, selected from outpatient dialysis clinics at 9 dialysis centers located in Gwangju metropolitan city and Chonnam province, from October to December 2016. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires that included the Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Subjective Health Status Scale, Sick Role Behavior Scale, and Health Literacy Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program, with x²-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results revealed that uncertainty was negatively correlated with subjective health status (r=-.30, p<.001) and compliance with sick role behavior (r=-.20, p=.012). In addition, compliance with sick role behavior was positively correlated with health literacy (r=.17, p=.034) and subjective health status (r=.24, p=.003). Participants’ levels of health literacy differed significantly based on sick role behaviors (F=5.355, p=.006), with a partial eta squared of .070, indicating high explanatory power. Conclusion: This study suggests that hemodialysis patients do not understand health - related medical information appropriately in their daily life. Therefore, efforts should be made to identify the level of health literacy of hemodialysis patients and improve the performance of sick role behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of digital literacy and patient activation on sick role behavior in vulnerable older adults with diabetes.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 142 vulnerable older adults aged over 65 with diabetes who were seen at Busan Medical Center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS for Windows version 23.0.Results: Sick role behavior was significantly correlated with digital literacy (r=.68, p&lt;.001) and patient activation (r=.83, p&lt;.001). Digital literacy had a significant correlation with patient activation (r=.63, p&lt;.001). Multiple regression analysis for sick role behavior revealed that the most powerful predictor was patient activation (β=.55, p&lt;.001). Patient activation, digital literacy, gender (female), religiosity (being religious) and cohabitation (living with family) explained 81.0% of the variance in sick role behavior.Conclusion: Various factors were found to be related to the sick role behavior of vulnerable older adults with diabetes. Based on the results of this study, further development and application of a customized educational interventional program for improving the sick role behavior of older adults with diabetes will have a positive influence on disease treatment and health management for this population.

Health behavior, illness behavior, and sick role behavior. I. Health and illness behavior.

Sick role behavior is the conduct exhibited by a sick person, including their rights to improve their health. One of the factors in increasing sick role behavior is selfcompassion, which can be improved through group art therapy. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-compassion on sick role behavior through art therapy. The research subjects included six people in the control group and six people in the experimental group. The experimental group was given treatment in the form of art therapy, namely drawing, while the control group was not given treatment. This study used a scale of self-compassion and sick role behavior. Data were studied using non-parametric analysis, namely the Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation test. The results showed a significant increase in sick role behavior with increasing self-compassion using art therapy in thalassemia patients, with an alpha coefficient of 0.858.

Background: Family support and medical staff support of hemodialysis patients are related to sick-role behavior, and sick-role behavior is related to physiological indicators such as interdialytic weight gain and control of potassium and phosphorus in the blood.Methods: The subjects were 139 hemodialysis patients. Data were collected on demographic and disease- related characteristics, social support (family support and medical staff support), sick-role behavior, and physiological indicators (interdialytic weight gain, blood potassium, and blood phosphorus).Results: Degrees of family support and medical staff support were both nearly 3.85 points, and sick-role behavior was 3.96 points. Family support (r=0.449, P&lt;0.001) and medical staff support (r=0.421, P&lt;0.001) were positively correlated with sick-role behavior, and sick-role behavior was inversely correlated with interdialytic weight gain (r=-0.218, P=0.010) and blood phosphorus (r=-0.170, P=0.045).Conclusions: The higher the degree of family support and medical staff support, the higher the degree of sick-role behavior. In addition, the higher the level of sick-role behavior, the lower the physiological indicators of interdialytic weight gain and blood phosphorus. Therefore, in order to improve sick-role behavior and physiological indicators, it is necessary to develop and apply an enhanced intervention program through family support and medical staff support.

One of the common goals in medical anthropology is to elucidate the significance of culture in determining health and thus clarify the complex biopsychosocial model to provide better, more appropriate care (I). Prominent among environmental influences is the society in which a person develops: and it is his position in this constellation of people, with their shared ethos and world view, which molds experience, cognition, and affect (2). Cultural meanings, norms, and power arrangements shape illness to a great degree by defining the sick role and consequent illness behaviors. Medical anthropology, as a discipline, has among its concerns the cultural content of health and illness behaviors: it includes studies of how social experiences define sickness and shape ideas of disease recognition and therapy (3) . Both physician and patient offer, either unconsciously or consciously, explanatory models of disease and expectations of the health care system which form a continuum ranging from full agreement to mutual disregard (4). These observations spring from a cursory glance at even a single society and accumulate greater power when comparative cultural studies are involved, as is the case in cross-cultural psychiatry.

Preferred right to the sick role and illness behavior

Clinical relevance of the sick role and secondary gain in the treatment of disability syndromes

Pain is the somatic symptom par excellence, legitimizing more than any other the sick role and illness behavior. The functions and implications of pain are clearest in situations of acute illness or injury or in chronic, organically based conditions in which actual or threatened tissue damage is signaled by its report. Much greater complexity is found in a variety of clinical presentations (conversion hysteria, hypochondriasis, chronic pain syndromes, Briquet's syndrome, Munchausen's syndrome) in which pain may form part or all of the clinical picture. In such conditions the relationship of the patient's report of pain to other phenomena (tissue damage, physiopathology, perceptual and cognitive styles, personality type, individual and family psychodynamics, anxiety, depression, behavioral patterns, social and economic factors, cultural influences) is important in elucidating pathogenetic mechanisms of which several may be operating in any one case. Awareness of the existence and interaction of these mechanisms facilitates the development and integration of treatment approaches.