Abstract
Special economic zones (SEZs) differ in terms of the scope and principles of functioning, they have the same objective: to attract investments and create jobs and simultaneously generate benefits for municipalities and their residents. However, in order to make the activity of SEZs and their further development possible and acceptable, activities undertaken in these areas should be consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, in addition to the leading economic benefits in the development of municipalities social and environmental ones should also be expected. The activity of the entities investing in SEZs certainly arouses some doubts as to their involvement in the search for balance between three pillars of sustainable development. The objective of the research was to assess the concept of special economic zones taking into account measurable economic, social and environmental criteria accompanying the idea of sustainable development. The research included the analysis of selected results of the activity of Polish municipalities. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to independent groups indicated that the municipalities functioning in the area of SEZs differ in a positive way from other municipalities in terms of the analyzed scope.
Highlights
The World Bank defines special economic zones (SEZs) as ‘geographically delimited areas administered by a single body, offering certain incentives . . . to businesses which physically locate within the zone [1]’
The results presented allowed the assessment of the activity of the municipalities in SEZs in three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental
The results presented allowed the assessment of the activity of the municipalities belonging to SEZs in three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental
Summary
The World Bank defines special economic zones (SEZs) as ‘geographically delimited areas administered by a single body, offering certain incentives . . . to businesses which physically locate within the zone [1]’. To businesses which physically locate within the zone [1]’. The World Bank defines special economic zones (SEZs) as ‘geographically delimited areas administered by a single body, offering certain incentives . Enterprises operating in the area of special economic zones benefit from government support in the form of public aid, which is more favorable than what is offered in the open market, is selective, and affects international trade [7]. The task of public entities is to provide the best conditions for conducting a business activity and the related acquisition of certain economic benefits that are not available to enterprises located outside the zone [8]. The zones affect an increase in employment and export, inflow of foreign direct investment, development of human capital and knowledge transfer, new technologies and know how, in the long term contributing to a faster growth rate [9]
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