The concept of risk-based technical solutions for the protection of ore and non-ore mine workings

Abstract

The subject of the research presented in the article is the fastening and protection of mine workings for the extraction of ore and non-ore minerals for the construction industry. The purpose of the work is the development of the concept of risk-oriented technical and technological solutions for the protection of underground mine workings to dramatically increase the efficiency and safety of extraction of ore and non-ore minerals at deposits of a complex structure. The work uses the well-known mixed method of risk assessment, which assumes that underground mining production is accompanied by three main interrelated indicators: occupational safety of miners, environmental safety, and financial and economic risks. The method involves building a matrix of consequences and probabilities by ranking them. The technical-technological solutions for fastening and protection of workings of iron ore and uranium mines and underground enterprises for the extraction of non-metallic raw materials are analyzed. Their shortcomings are identified and the associated risks of operation and long-term preservation of underground enterprises are assessed. The concept of technical and technological solutions for improving the safety, environmental and economic performance of mines is proposed, which should be the basis of the new regulatory and technical documentation for the protection of workings. In particular, for ore mines, this concerns the transition to new technologies of anchorage, special conditions for lining junctions, introduction of bookmarks in particularly dangerous areas, control and reduction of water inflows. For mines producing non-metallic raw materials, the effectiveness of a complete transition from drilling and blasting technology to a mining machinermed one has been practically. If there are thick seams, it is recommended to work them out in separate layers, leaving a gap between them. It is advisable to divide the zones of geological disturbances into small areas, which are outlined with barrier pillars. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory implementation of comprehensive monitoring of the condition of the roof of the structures and their lining on the active and decommissioned areas. Depending on the degree of risk of collapse in large-scale mine workings and its impact on ground objects, the feasibility of using stowing is determined. Research results can be used to implement measures to improve miners' labor safety, environmental safety, and economic performance of ore and non-ore mines.