Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have generated great interest among researchers and physicians due to their unique biological characteristics and potential clinical applications. Here, we propose for the first time the concept of mesenchymal stem cell system which is composed of all mesenchymal stem cells derived from different stages of embryonic development, from post-embryonic subtotipotent stem cells to MSC progenitors. Post-embryonic subtotipotent stem cells are left-over cells during embryonic development and are on the top of the system. MSC system is a combination of cells that possess different differentiation potential and ultimately give rise to cells that share a similar set of phenotypic markers. It is a more comprehensive view of MSCs and could better explain the heterogeneity of MSCs in differentiation potential and immunomodulatory functions. In a word, this concept constitutes an important part of the biological properties of MSC and will help researchers gain better insight into MSC.
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