The Concept of Information. Part 1. The Presentation of Information in the Form of a Scientific Theory

Abstract

The problem of presentation, operating and using of information is the central problem in Computer Science. As initial hypothesis it is suggested to view any structure as information regardless of its origin, carrier, representation and way of using. It is suggested to extend the term of information to the entire pyramid of knowledge (data, information, knowledge, wisdom), having termed the bottom of the pyramid — data and the upper part — knowledge. Data is facts presented as simple fixed structures, knowledge is general statements represented by logically complex structures comprised of the layers of building up its perfection: the conceptual model, the reasoning model and the model of preferences. It is suggested to use as a formal sample of any knowledge the logical structure of scientific theory comprised of semantics and of theory language. It is suggested to differentiate in the structure of theory semantics the following: the basis comprised of the conceptual model presented by logically complex conceptual structures and the empiric model in the form of a data processing procedures system; the core of the theory in the form of the theory reasoning model; the model of preferences in the form of a structure of theories-consequences of fundamental theory and consequences of the theory. A conceptual model is single system of determinations of sense of terms of theory in their interconnection and dependence. An empiric model is the system of operational determinations of sense of base terms of conceptual model on all great number of the articles of ontological picture of the world. A model of reasoning is structure of the use of axioms of theory in the process of derivation of determinant, of conceptual model of task in the signature of conceptual model of theory. The structure of the developed theory is organized in a treelike hierarchy, its logical founding — a fundamental theory, knots are separate theories of different universality. The structure of languages of the scientific theories system is presented by three interrelated sets of theories (signs, syntax and semantics), which arc linked with source-receivers of sign images and with surrounding reality. The essential specificity of all components of the structure of a scientific theory and their interrelation are clarified.