THE CONCEPT OF GREEN AREAS THROUGH VAROUIS HISTORICAL ERAS A CASE STUDY FOR GREEN AREAS IN HERITAGE AREAS OF EGYPTIAN AND SAUDI ARABIAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

People have been interested in green areas for many years due to its strong correlation between human life on the earth and plant life, as green areas were a source of the beginning stages of agriculture, then stability, and then the formation of society. Moreover, green areas have been linked through the various eras with religious beliefs, engaged with ritual and worship, as well as social and cultural elements in ancient civilisations, including eastern civilisations, where they were symbols of paradise in Islamic civilisations. However, there has been an absence of green areas in urban areas, which, over time, has seen an increase in pollution. Therefore, creating urban green areas has become an important goal to achieve ecological balance and to meet the recreational needs for citizens. This research paper aims to recognise landscape design through a variety of historical eras, identifying the historical background and its importance in the urban space, as well as the foundations and theories of landscape design in architecture and urban spaces to meet the physical, spiritual, and psychological human need to preserve essential natural resources, such as air, plants, water, and wildlife. It also aims to promote economic development and activate social relationships, considering the allocation of open spaces in cities with the principles and planning designs suited to local conditions. The research will focus on the following points: [1] the importance of the concept of green areas design, [2] green areas through different ears, [3] the principles and planning design for green areas in architectural and urban spaces, and [4] analytical studies of green area cases in architectural and urban heritage areas of Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Countries.