The concept of ethnicity in social psychological research: Definitional issues

Abstract

Although ethnicity frequently features in current quantitative social psychology, it is rarely theorised. This paper starts by reviewing how ethnicity has been conceptualised in other social sciences. A working definition of ethnicity is provided, and an argument for moderate constructivism is advanced. Then, it is discussed how ethnicity has been treated in some of the major traditions in quantitative social psychology, and problems arising from this are highlighted. Firstly, the way ethnicity is discussed in much psychological work leads to a terminological confusion. Secondly, an overly strong focus on generic identity processes prevalent among some social identity researchers bears the danger of excluding a range of important phenomena related to ethnicity from scientific observation. Thirdly, the way in which ethnicity is conceptualised in much of quantitative social psychology (as evinced by psychological theorising, writing, and methodological choices) is incompatible with the notion of ethnicity as constructed. Ignoring the constructed nature of ethnicity has negative consequences for our ability to interpret research findings, for the well-being of participants, and it can have negative ethical and political implications. Practical steps that might be taken in order to avoid these perils in future research are discussed.