Abstract
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of bilingualism in fiction. Bilingualism is an important sociolinguistic phenomenon that plays an important role in the profession of translator and the modern development of psycho- and sociolinguistics. Different definitions of the concept of "bilingualism" are characterized in the article; different positions in the understanding of the concept are described. Linguistic, sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic and methodical aspects of bilingualism are distinguished due to a rather broad concept. Linguistics analyzes the structure of two languages, the relationship between structural elements and their interaction and interpenetration at different levels. Sociolinguistics analyzes the role of social functions of bilingualism in the life of speakers. Psycholinguistics focuses on identifying the characteristics of linguistic categories and concepts reflected in the linguistic consciousness of bilingual people, and analyzing the features of retention, recognition and understanding of categories and concepts specific to the second language, which are absent in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers. This is where the concept of "culture shock" arises, which is extremely popular in literary texts. Depending on the listed aspects, the types and types of bilingualism are described: individual and group; official and unofficial; horizontal and vertical; pure and mixed; artificial and natural; regional and national. Special attention is paid in the article to bilingualism in the texts of the artistic genre. It is noted that language is a cultural code of intercultural communication, which in turn is a criterion of the author's nationality and the reason for bilingualism and multilingualism in artistic works. The specificity of literary conceptualization is characterized, which in turn affects the cultural integration of artistic texts and the most complete description of the linguistic picture of the world. Artistic texts simultaneously narrate, evoke memories, and describe their own reality in a constantly changing language, and thus reflect the author's artistic reality and the atmosphere he intended to convey.
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