The Concept of Absorbent Environmental Damage in the Context of Civil Responsibility: A Practical Legal Study in the Wetlands of Iraq's Three Major Marshes

Abstract

The research revolves around the idea of assimilation in the sense of assimilating and integrating contractual responsibility within the scope of tort responsibility that causes damage, which is called the first responsibility. The second responsibility is that which is arranged by the existing or competent government or that is entrusted by virtue of legal care, management, and preservation of the environmental site. The study evaluated four locations inside Iraq's southern marshes: the Hammar marsh, which has two sides, western and eastern, resulting in two sites (A and B); the third location, the so-called central marshes, which is group (C); and the fourth location, Al-Hawizeh Marsh, which is group (D). The theorical, scientific analysis is carried out within the scope of the types of assimilation between the components of the environmental site of water, air, and soil in all layers that include concentrations of heavy elements in a manner that changes the acceptable natural amount, such as soil elements, as well as pollutes the water by poisoning or harms the compositional balance of the air. These components (water, soil, and air) are tacked and determined in light of their connection to each other in the environmental site. The damage assimilation is personified by taking samples that determine the forms of pollution. The damage was shown with examples of damage in the first dimension, and the pattern of absorption in the second dimension was used to infer guilt in the second dimension.