Abstract
Tar formation is the main bottleneck for biomass gasification technology. A novel rotary kiln type biomass gasification process was proposed. The concept design was based on air staging and process separation. This concept was demonstrated on a pilot scale rotary kiln reactor under ambient pressure and autothermic conditions. The pilot scale gasifier was divided into three different reaction regions, which were oxidative degradation, partial oxidation and char gasification. A series of tests was conducted to investigate the effect of key parameters. The results indicate that under optimum operating conditions, a fuel gas with high heat value of about 5500 kJ/Nm3 and gas production rate of 2.32 Nm3/kg could be produced. Tar concentration in the fuel gas could be reduced to 108 mg/Nm3 (at the gasifier outlet) and 38 mg/Nm3 (after gas conditioning). The cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate reached 75% and 78%, respectively. The performance of this gasification system shows considerable potential for implementation in distributed electricity and heat supply projects.
Highlights
IntroductionGasification has received extensive attention because it produces valuable gaseous products, which can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines, gas turbine, boilers, and cooking [2]
Thermal conversion of biomass is a promising way to produce gaseous and liquid fuels [1].Among all the techniques, gasification has received extensive attention because it produces valuable gaseous products, which can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines, gas turbine, boilers, and cooking [2]
A series of tests were conducted to investigate the impact of parameter variation such as air injection percentage (AIP) of the three regions and equivalent ratio (λ) on temperature distribution, gas composition, tar formation, gas production rate, cold gas efficiency, and carbon conversion rate
Summary
Gasification has received extensive attention because it produces valuable gaseous products, which can be used as a fuel for internal combustion engines, gas turbine, boilers, and cooking [2]. Tar causes fouling in ducts, valves, and engines, and polymerizes to form more complex structures during combustion, decreasing the reliability of equipment and increasing pollutant emissions [8,9]. Tar limits the usage of syngas in application processes. The minimum allowable limit for tar is dependent on the end user application. As tabulated by Milne and Evans [10], the general tolerance limits for engines, turbines and other combustion devices range from 5 to 100 mg/Nm3
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