The COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Reaction to a Transgression: Findings of Genetic Associations in Both Chinese and German Samples.

Cornelia Sindermann,Ruixue Luo,Keith M Kendrick,Yingying Zhang,Christian Montag,Benjamin Becker

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00148

Abstract

After a transgression, people often either tend to avoid the transgressor or seek revenge. These tendencies can be investigated via a trait approach and surprisingly little is known about their biological underpinnings. One promising candidate gene polymorphism, which may influence individual differences in avoidance of a transgressor and vengefulness, is the COMT Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism known to affect dopaminergic signaling and among others brain activity in situations in which people punish others for their behavior. We therefore investigated the molecular genetics of individual differences in Avoidance Motivation and vengefulness with a focus on this polymorphism. Possible genetic associations were first investigated in a sample of N = 730 Chinese participants (n = 196 females) using buccal cells to extract the DNA for genotyping. To replicate the findings we carried out a parallelized investigation in a sample of N = 585 German participants (n = 399 females). Chinese and German versions of the TRIM-12 and the Vengeance Scale were implemented to assess individual differences in tendencies to react to a transgression. Results show that Met allele carriers of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism (Val/Met and Met/Met) score significantly higher on the tendency to avoid a transgressor in the Chinese male and female samples, with an especially pronounced effect in the female subgroup. The same effect could be found in the German sample, again especially in females. Additionally, carrying a Met allele was associated with higher vengefulness in the Chinese sample only, especially in males. The present findings indicate that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism might influence individual differences in the motivation to avoid transgressors across cultures, especially in females. However, its association with vengefulness seems to be more complex and may exhibit some cultural and gender specific effects.

Highlights

There are many different potential reactions to a transgression, the main ones are for the victim to forgive the transgressor, avoid him/her or take revenge
Investigating the genetic underpinnings of individual differences in the tendencies to react to a transgression in independent Chinese and German samples, we found that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is associated with Avoidance Motivation in severalsamples
In the German sample, the direction of the association was observed in males and females, it was stronger in females again; whereas in males only a small descriptive difference in the same direction was found when comparing Met+ and Met– carriers

Summary

Introduction

There are many different potential reactions to a transgression, the main ones are for the victim to forgive the transgressor, avoid him/her or take revenge. The dopaminergic reward system appears to be of particular importance since punishing others for unfair behavior (which can be seen as a kind of revenge taking) was associated with activation in brain areas such as for example the (dorsal) striatum, nucleus caudatus (NC), and the (anterior) insula (Sanfey et al, 2003; De Quervain et al, 2004) These brain areas have been associated with reward processing or its anticipation (e.g., Delgado et al, 2003; Liu et al, 2011; Sescousse et al, 2013) and their activity is known to be modulated by dopaminergic pathways (Gaspar et al, 1989; Arias-Carrión et al, 2010). This suggests that pathways and thereon genes and genetic polymorphisms influencing the dopaminergic reward system are associated with acts of revenge and may be associated with trait vengefulness

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Conclusion